Harvard (author-date) list of references

At the end of your work the references you have cited in text are listed at the end of your essay.

There are style rules, which you must follow when referencing sources.  Using the Cite Them Right version of Harvard the main rules are as follows.

• Alphabetical order of references.  The list of references is arranged alphabetically by author's surname, or when there is no author by title, year (and letter e.g. (2015a), (2015b), if necessary).
• Italicised titles.  The title of books, reports and conference proceedings are put in italics.  For journal articles, the title of the journal (not the title of the journal article) should be in italics, see examples below.
• Capitalisation.  Capitalise the first letter of the publication title, the first letters of all the main words in the title of a journal and all first letters of a place name and publisher, see examples below.

Below is an example of a list of references based on the Harvard style used in Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, and in Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2019) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 11th revised and expanded edn. London: Macmillan International. 

Cite them right has been developed into an online subscription resource Links to an external site. from Bloomsbury Publishing, available to UoB students and staff (login as institution 'University of Birmingham' when off-campus or if prompted). This has many detailed examples for all styles, and includes a Sample text and reference list Links to an external site. for Harvard.

Example

List of References

Beavers, S. and Warnecke, S. (2021) ‘Audience perceptions of historical authenticity in visual media’, in K. Alvestad and R. Houghton (eds) The Middle Ages in Modern Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 74-89.  

Birmingham Museums (2023) Birmingham Black Oral History Project.  Available at: https://dams.birminghammuseums.org.uk/asset-bank/action/browseItems?categoryId=1970&categoryTypeId=2 Links to an external site. (Accessed 1 June 2023).

Burns, T. and Sinfield, S. (2022) Essential study skills: the complete guide to success at university. 5th edn. Los Angeles: Sage.

Dorling, D. and Tomlinson, S. (2019) Rule Britannia: Brexit and the end of Empire. London: Biteback.

Fergy, S., Heatley, S., Morgan, G. and Hodgson, D. (2008) 'The impact of pre-study skills training programmes on students' first year experience in health and social care programmes', Nurse Education in Practice, 8 (1), pp. 20-30.

Gibbs, R. A. (2020) 'The Human Genome Project changed everything', Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(10), pp. 575-576.  doi: 10.1038/s41576-020-0275-3 Links to an external site.

Kawachi, I and Wamala, S. (2006) Globalization and health. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/bham/detail.action?docID=10211849 Links to an external site. (Downloaded: 9 April 2015).

Nagesh, A. (2020) How coronavirus tore through Britain's ethnic minorities. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52894225 Links to an external site. (Accessed 31 May 2023).

Nancarrow, J. (2020) Windrush legacy film. 16 July. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luPyEZM41gk (Accessed 1 June 2023).

Xiao, H., Liang, S. and Wang, L. (2020) 'Competing endogenous RNA regulation in hematologic malignancies', Clinica Chimica Acta, 509, pp. 108-116. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.045.

There are many variants of Harvard (author-date), a list of the main styles are listed below, more information available via the links. 

American Psychological Association (APA)

This style is mainly used in the arts and humanities fields of study

• • Further details are available on the official Chicago Manual of Style Online Links to an external site.:
    1. Author-date Links to an external site.
    2. Notes and bibliography Links to an external site.
  • The pages linked above are for the current ie 17th Edition
  • The official manual also has pages covering the previous ie 16th Edition Links to an external site.

MLA Style