Module 2: Introduction

Welcome to Module 2, where we will delve deeper into the evolving landscape of dental materials, specifically focusing on the decline of dental amalgam and the rise of state-of-the-art resin-based materials.

In this module, you will explore:

The Demise of Amalgam: We'll examine the factors contributing to the decline in the use of amalgam as a restorative material, including environmental concerns, safety issues related to cytotoxicity, and the growing demand for minimally invasive treatments. You'll also gain insight into international guidelines such as the Minamata Convention and the evolving teaching practices in dental schools, alongside shifts in patient and dentist preferences.
State-of-the-Art Resins: In this section, we will explore the longevity of resin based composites, modern developments in various resin-based materials, including acrylics, and conventional resin composites. The module will highlight the role of photocurable resins in dentistry, discussing their mechanical, chemical and physical properties, as well as their versatility. You will also learn about high-volume curing, adhesives, and resin-based composites.

Through videos and focused discussions, we will highlight key concepts such as:

Environmental and Safety Concerns around amalgam use.
Minimally Invasive Approaches in restorative dentistry.
The reasons for a shift to resin-based materials

This module will also touch on bulk-fill materials, designed to reduce placement time and improve cure depth, and discuss the inherent limitations of current materials and the need for new innovations.

By the end of this module, you will have a deeper understanding of the factors influencing material selection and be better equipped to navigate the complexities of modern restorative dentistry.

Module learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

Understand the Decline of Amalgam:
- Recognize the key factors leading to the decline in the use of amalgam as a restorative material, including environmental, safety, and aesthetic concerns, as well as regulatory guidelines like the Minamata Convention.
Evaluate the Shift to Resin-Based Materials:
- Understand the advantages of resin-based materials over amalgam in restorative dentistry, focusing on their chemical, biological, and mechanical properties.
- Recognise the key factors associated with longevity of resin-based composites
Explore the Role of Minimally Invasive Techniques:
- Recognize the increasing emphasis on minimally invasive approaches in restorative dentistry and their impact on material choice and patient outcomes.
Assess the Impact of NHS and European Guidelines:
- Understand how national and international guidelines, such as those from the NHS and the Minamata Convention, influence material selection and clinical practice.
Understand Bulk-Fill Materials:
- Describe the benefits and limitations of bulk-fill materials, particularly their ability to improve cure depth and reduce placement time, while considering the need for cautious application.
Examine the Future of Dental Materials:
- Discuss the future directions of dental material science, including the development of new materials and approaches that address the limitations of current materials.

Module Activity Overview

List of relevant unit activities (Please refer the the Understanding Activities page to gain an understanding of the Activity types)

Unit Activities
Topic	Activity Type	Estimated Time Commitment
Watch and Listen	Canvas page	2h 00m
Read	Canvas Page and Journals	2h 00m
Interact and Reflect	Discussion board	1h 00m

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